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551 BC-479 BC
Confucius
Confucius, Chinese philosopher, poet and politician. He is considered the paragon of Chinese sages.
1225-1274
Thomas Aquinas
Aquinas was an Italian philosopher and Saint canonized by Pope John XXII in 1323.
1260-1328
Meister Eckhart
Eckhart was German mystic, theologian and philosopher.
1449-1492
Lorenzo de Medici
Lorenzo the Magnificent was an Italian statesman and the most powerful Renaissance culture patron in Italy.
1469-1536
Desiderius Erasmus
Born in Holland, Erasmus was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance.
1478-1535
Sir Thomas More
More was a venerated Catholic saint and an English lawyer, philosopher, author, and statesman.
1533-1592
Michel de Montaigne
Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, Lord of Montaigne was an important French Renaissance philosopher.
1588-1679
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury was an English philosopher, one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
1596-1650
René Descartes
Born in France Descartes is considered the Father of Philosophy as well as a mathematician.
1632-1677
Baruch Spinoza
Spinoza was Dutch philosopher and one of the great rationalists, a leading figure of the Dutch Golden Age.
1632-1704
John Locke
Locke was known as the Father of Liberalism and one of the greatest English philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment.
1711–1776
David Hume
David Hume was a Scottish, Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist.
1712-1778
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau was a Swiss born French philosopher who had a profound influence on modern political, economic and educational thought.
1789
French Revolution began
1724-1804
Immanuel Kant
Born in Kronigsberg Prussia during the Age of Enlightenment, Kant was one of the great German philosophers.
1744-1803
Johann Gottfried Herder
Herder was a major figure in Sturm und Drang and involved with the Enlightenment and Weimar Classicism.
1749-1832
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a philosopher and considered by many to be the greatest German writer and poet of the modern era.
1744-1803
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Last of the great classical period German philosophers Hegel greatly influenced later philosophers.
1775-1854
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
Schelling is one of the three most influential German Idealism, logical thinkers.
1788-1860
Arthur Schopenhauer
Born in Poland, Schopenhauer was a brilliant German philosopher.
1813-1855
Soren Kierkegaard
Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher and the father of existentialism.
1818-1883
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.
1844-1890
Friedrich Nietzsche
Nietzsche was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, and poet. He influenced modern intellectual history.