Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (1797-1848) was an Italian composer, best known for 70 operas. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the bel canto opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. He influenced Giuseppe Verdi.
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Franz Joseph (1830-1916) was the emperor of Austria from 1848 to his death and the king of Hungary from 1867 to 1916. He divided his empire into the Dual Monarchy. In 1879 he formed an alliance with Prussian which was led by Germany.
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Pierre Marie François de Sales Baillot (1771-1852) was a French violinist and composer. He was born in Passy, Paris, France he wrote “the Art of the Violin.” He taught at the Conservatoire de Paris along with Pierre Rode and Rodolphe Kreutzer. Kreutzer wrote the Conservatoire’s official violin method. Baillot studied the violin under Giovanni Battista Viotti.
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Victor Emmanuel (1820-1878) was King of Sardinia from 1849 until 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy. He was the first king of an independent united Italy since the 6th century. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to King Victor Emmanuel II. The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914) was the main catalyst for the start of the Great War (World War I).
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Charles Pearson (1793-1862) was a British lawyer and politician. A London City solicitor Pearson campaigned against corruption in jury selection, for penal reform, for the abolition of capital punishment, and for universal suffrage. Pearson promoted an underground railway that resulted in the Metropolitan Railway, the first underground railway in the world.
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Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836-1921) was a German anatomist specializing in human anatomical structures. He summarized neuron theory and named the chromosome. Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring and Waldeyer’s glands are named after him.
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Émile Jean-Horace Vernet (1789-1863), known as Horace Vernet, was a French battles, portraits, and Orientalist subject painter. Born in the Paris Louvre while his parents were staying there during the French Revolution. Vernet disdained the seriousness of academic Classicism French art work. Instead he painted contemporary life subjects. During his early career, when Napoleon Bonaparte was in power, Vernet painted unidealized French soldier.
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Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788) London, England. He was one of the most important British portrait artists of the second half of the 18th century. His iconic portrait The Blue Boy is part of the permanent collection at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California.
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Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) was a French chemist and physicist. He pioneered investigations into the behavior of gases, established new techniques for analysis, and made notable advances in applied chemistry. The Gay-Lussac’s Law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant.
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Kaiser Frederick III (1831-1888) was German Emperor and King of Prussia during the Year of the Three Emperors 1888. He was known as “Fritz” and was the only son of Emperor Wilhelm I.
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