Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini (1760 –1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer. He composed operas and sacred music. Beethoven regarded Cherubini as the greatest living composer of his era. His operas were heavily praised and interpreted by Rossini.
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Cinco de Mayo is in remembrance of the battle at the city of Puebla Mexico. On May 5th 1862 young Mexican General Ignaciao Zaragoza faced down 6000 of the Napoleon III Zouaves. The Zouaves were an elite French fighting force with pristine uniforms and expensive equipment. Zaragoza had under his command only 4500 rag-tag men wielding machetes and rickety rifles. The arrogant French General Charles Ferdinand Latrille, Count of Lorencez believed the lowly Mexicans would roll over under his assault. They didn’t and that coupled with his military strategy mistakes cost him the battle and his post. The victory was much needed by the Mexican people and has been celebrated every year since. Unfortunately Zaragoza died of Typhoid fever shortly after his greatest triumph.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer. He believed in science and Romantic philosophy. Humboldt travelled extensively in the Americas and wrote and published several volumes on his travels. He is considered both “the father of ecology” and “the father of environmentalism.”
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Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (1797-1848) was an Italian composer, best known for 70 operas. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the bel canto opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. He influenced Giuseppe Verdi.
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Franz Joseph (1830-1916) was the emperor of Austria from 1848 to his death and the king of Hungary from 1867 to 1916. He divided his empire into the Dual Monarchy. In 1879 he formed an alliance with Prussian which was led by Germany.
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Pierre Marie François de Sales Baillot (1771-1852) was a French violinist and composer. He was born in Passy, Paris, France he wrote “the Art of the Violin.” He taught at the Conservatoire de Paris along with Pierre Rode and Rodolphe Kreutzer. Kreutzer wrote the Conservatoire’s official violin method. Baillot studied the violin under Giovanni Battista Viotti.
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Victor Emmanuel (1820-1878) was King of Sardinia from 1849 until 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy. He was the first king of an independent united Italy since the 6th century. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to King Victor Emmanuel II. The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914) was the main catalyst for the start of the Great War (World War I).
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Charles Pearson (1793-1862) was a British lawyer and politician. A London City solicitor Pearson campaigned against corruption in jury selection, for penal reform, for the abolition of capital punishment, and for universal suffrage. Pearson promoted an underground railway that resulted in the Metropolitan Railway, the first underground railway in the world.
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Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836-1921) was a German anatomist specializing in human anatomical structures. He summarized neuron theory and named the chromosome. Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring and Waldeyer’s glands are named after him.
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Émile Jean-Horace Vernet (1789-1863), known as Horace Vernet, was a French battles, portraits, and Orientalist subject painter. Born in the Paris Louvre while his parents were staying there during the French Revolution. Vernet disdained the seriousness of academic Classicism French art work. Instead he painted contemporary life subjects. During his early career, when Napoleon Bonaparte was in power, Vernet painted unidealized French soldier.
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